Activity Test of Chia Seed ( Salvia Hispanica ) Extract Nanoemulsion on Reducing Urea and Creatinine Levels in Male Rats Induced by Streptozotocin and Kidney Histopathology

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the activity of chia seed extract nanoemulsion in reducing urea and creatinine levels in streptozotocin-induced male rats, as well as to observe the histopathological features of the kidneys. Urea and creatinine levels were measured before and after treatment. The results showed Based on the results of blood glucose level measurements, administration of chia seed extract nanoemulsion with a concentration of 20% showed a more significant decrease in blood glucose levels. The results of the statistical test obtained a significance value of 0.074, so it can be concluded that treatment group 2 was not significantly different from the negative control group, indicating the potential antidiabetic effect of chia seed extract nanoemulsion . Observations on kidney function showed an improvement in urea levels. Chia seed extract nanoemulsion with a concentration of 20% was more effective in improving kidney function than a concentration of 10%. The urea value of treatment group 2 approached the negative control group, indicating the potential for nephroprotection. The results of observations on creatinine levels showed that treatment group 2 with the administration of 20% Chia seed extract nanoemulsion obtained a significance value of 0.382, the meaning of which was not different from the negative control group. Administration of a 20% concentration of chia seed extract nanoemulsion was more effective in protecting the structure of the kidney glomeruli than a 10% concentration. This nephroprotective effect is thought to be due to the flavonoids, phenolic acids, and antioxidants that suppress inflammation and oxidative stress.