Clinicopathological Characteristics and Immunohistochemical Profile (CD20, CD3, CD45, CD30) of Lymphoma Patients at Royal Prima General Hospital Medan, 2023–2025

Abstract

Lymphoma is a malignancy of the lymphoid system arising from the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes. The diagnosis and classification of lymphoma require immunohistochemical (IHC) examination to determine the tumor cell immunophenotype, which plays a crucial role in definitive diagnosis and treatment planning. IHC is essential for distinguishing lymphomas into B-cell or T-cell types, low-grade or high-grade, and Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin categories—each differing in biological behavior and therapeutic approach. This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and immunohistochemical (CD20, CD3, CD45, CD30) profiles of lymphoma patients treated at Royal Prima General Hospital Medan during 2023–2025. This retrospective descriptive study used medical record data and IHC examination results from 44 patients diagnosed with lymphoma at Royal Prima General Hospital Medan between 2023 and 2025. Collected data included age, sex, lymphoma site (nodal or extranodal), clinical manifestations, clinical diagnosis, cell origin, IHC findings, histopathological diagnosis, and IHC-based diagnosis. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequency distributions and tables. Among 44 lymphoma patients analyzed, the majority were male (63.64%), with the most prevalent age group being 48–58 years (40.91%). The most frequent lymphoma site was nodal (61.36%), and the predominant clinical presentation was a neck mass (29.55%). IHC examination revealed that most cases originated from B-cells (88.64%) with positive CD20 expression, followed by T-cell cases (11.36%) with positive CD3 expression; CD30 positivity was observed in 75% of cases. The most frequent IHC diagnosis was non-Hodgkin lymphoma, favoring diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (63.64%). The lymphoma profile at Royal Prima General Hospital Medan was dominated by B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), consistent with global epidemiological patterns. These findings highlight the pivotal role of IHC examination in establishing a definitive diagnosis and guiding appropriate therapeutic strategies.