The Impact Of Age And Gender On Cholelithiasis In Patients With Hypertension: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Cholelithiasis and hypertension are prevalent conditions with potentially interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms involving metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. This retrospective observational study investigated the association of age and gender with hypertension stages among adult patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis using non-contrast abdominal CT scans at Royal Prima General Hospital Medan. A total of 133 hypertensive patients meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed, with 27.1% classified as stage I hypertension and 72.9% as stage II. Female patients predominated in both stages (63.9% and 64.9%, respectively), without statistically significant sex differences between stages (p=0.910). Age distributions revealed a significant association with hypertension severity: individuals aged 30–44 years mainly presented with stage I hypertension (83.3%), whereas older groups, particularly those 45 years and above, predominantly exhibited stage II hypertension (p < 0.001). These findings align with current understanding of vascular aging and the impact of systemic inflammatory pathways exacerbated by comorbid cholelithiasis, which may diminish estrogen’s cardiovascular protective effects in females. The study underscores the necessity for early detection and tailored management strategies focusing on aging populations with comorbid conditions to mitigate progression to advanced hypertension stages.

Keywords:   hypertension stages, cholelithiasis, age, gender differences