Perspectives and Challenges of Integrating Public Health Education into the Medical Curriculum in Indonesia: An Administrative and Implementation Study in Public and Private Medical Faculties

Abstract

The integration of Public Health Education (PKM) in medical curricula faces challenges related to curriculum alignment, implementation processes, and lecturer involvement across medical schools in Indonesia. This study analyzes policies and curriculum components supporting PKM integration, identifies key implementation factors, and evaluates its contribution to graduate competency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from 14 informants, including 10 lecturers from public and private medical faculties and 4 students or alumni. Findings indicate that both faculties have implemented PKM integration based on the Indonesian Doctor Competency Standards (SKDI) 2019, Ministerial Regulation No. 53/2023, and Indonesian Medical Council (KKI) guidelines. Public medical faculties apply a structured Community-Based Education (CBE) model, while private faculties use thematic learning and community service approaches. Supporting factors include leadership commitment, lecturer engagement, and institutional collaboration, while constraints involve limited time, resources, and lecturers with public health expertise. Overall, PKM integration enhances students’ communication, empathy, and social responsibility, contributing significantly to producing doctors who are promotive, preventive, and community-oriented.