Overlapping Electronic Certificates Due to Administrative Errors as an Unlawful Act

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published Oct 29, 2026
https://doi.org/10.34012/jihp.v9i2.8795
Download
PDF
Statistic
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JURNAL ILMU HUKUM PRIMA

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Pemas Dwi Saputra Adiko
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Abstract

Overlapping electronic certificates due to land administration errors raises legal issues regarding the possibility of civil liability for actions or omissions in the implementation of land registration. This article aims to analyze the qualifications of overlapping electronic certificates as an Unlawful Act based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach, through an analysis of relevant legal materials. The results of the analysis indicate that overlapping electronic certificates is a land administration issue that cannot automatically be qualified as an Unlawful Act. This qualification depends on the fulfillment of the elements of an unlawful act, error, loss, and causal relationship, which must be assessed based on legal obligations and demonstrable circumstances. Thus, Article 1365 of the Civil Code can be the basis for assessing civil liability if the error or negligence in land administration is proven to fulfill all the elements of an Unlawful Act.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Adiko, P. D. S. (2026). Overlapping Electronic Certificates Due to Administrative Errors as an Unlawful Act. Ilmu Hukum Prima (IHP), 9(2), 420–432. https://doi.org/10.34012/jihp.v9i2.8795

References

  1. Amara Thalia, Bima Janggo Bintoro, Gerrald Jovan Esfandiary, Muhammad Rizal Aji Bahtiar, Siti Lailatul Qomariyah, dan Farahdinny Siswajanthy. “Analisis Hukum Acara Perdata Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Atas Tanah Akibat Tumpang Tindih Sertifikat di Wilayah Perkotaan : Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Dan Implikasi Terhadap Kepastian Hukum Dan Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat | Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum.” 2025. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i3.1522.
  2. Hamidi, Abi Alfian, Revie Kurnia Katjong, dan Abdul Rahman Upara. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Mekanismme Perlindungan Hukum Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Sertifikat Tanah Tumpang Tindih (Studi Kasus BPN Kabupaten Jayapura).” SIGARUDA JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi Dan Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (2026): 70–77.
  3. Herawza, Muahammad Fachri, Muhammad Surial, Zaki Elyunusi, Iqra Chandra, dan Ainun Ayu Pratiwi. “Efisiensi Sertifikat Tanah Elektronik dalam Sistem Hukum Pendaftaran Tanah.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 1 (2023): 2330–37. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i1.1008.
  4. Kurniawan, Kurniawan. “Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Pertanahan dan Strategi Pemerintahan dalam Penyelesaiannya.” NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 12, no. 9 (2025): 3694–703. https://doi.org/10.31604/jips.v12i9.2025.3694-3703.
  5. Mohamad Arista Hafid, Muhammad Irgi Fahrezi, Dustin Altoffiestin, dan Muhammad Chairul Ridha. “Problematika Konversi Sertifikat Fisik Lama ke Sertipikat Elektronik dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan: Studi Kasus Tumpang Tindih Sertifikat di Pagar Alam, Sumatera Selatan.” Jurnal Hukum Sasana 12, no. 1 (2026): 202–22. https://doi.org/10.31599/sasana.v12i1.4833.
  6. Ni Made Rian Ayu Sumardani. “Tanggung Jawab Hukum Badan Pertanahan Nasional Terkait Ketidaksesuaian Hasil Pengecekan Sertifikat secara Elektronik - Neliti.” 2021. https://www.neliti.com/publications/361793/tanggung-jawab-hukum-badan-pertanahan-nasional-terkait-ketidaksesuaian-hasil-pen.
  7. Permana, Nurdian, dan Sri Wahyu Handayani. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemilik Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah Yang Mengalami Tumpang Tindih Akibat Dari Pendaftaran Tanah.” Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 3, no. 5 (2025): 6865–73. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i5.2315.
  8. Putrisasmita, Gianny. “Kedudukan Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematisasi Lengkap Dalam Kerangka Reforma Agraria Untuk Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum Pertanahan Di Indonesia: THE POSITION OF A COMPLETE SYSTEMATIC LAND REGISTRATION PROGRAM WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF AGRARIAN REFORM TO REALIZE LAND LAW CERTAINTY IN INDONESIA.” LITRA: Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan, Tata Ruang, Dan Agraria 3, no. 1 (2023): 18–36. https://doi.org/10.23920/litra.v3i1.1466.
  9. Sa’adah, Kholissatus, Rahmat Saputra, dan Diana Fitriana. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pemilik Sertifikat Tanah Yang Tumpang Tindih (Overlapping) Dalam Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL).” Jurnal Hukum Sasana 11, no. 1 (2025): 149–69. https://doi.org/10.31599/sasana.v11i1.3807.
  10. Sumiati, Helena, Andriansah, dan Bagio Kadaryanto. “Kepastian Hukum Sertifikat Hak Milik Atas Tanah Dalam Hukum Pertanahan Indonesia.” YUSTISIA MERDEKA : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 7, no. 2 (2021): 135–45. https://doi.org/10.33319/yume.v7i2.111.